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Dec 12, 2019  At the same time, since the problem has disappeared now, we may not verify whether this issue is related to the Mac OS update directly. However, since this problem occurs on Office clients and non-Office clients and this problem disappeared after updating Mac OS. So this problem may be related to Mac OS.

If OS X Yosemite came preinstalled on your new Mac, you’ll probably never need this article. In this article, you discover all you need to know to install or reinstall OS X, if you should have to.

If you’re thinking about reinstalling because something has gone wrong with your Mac, know that an OS X reinstallation should be your last resort. If nothing else fixes your Mac, reinstalling OS X could well be your final option before invasive surgery (that is, trundling your Mac to a repair shop).

You don’t want to reinstall OS X if something easier can correct the problem. So if you have to do a reinstallation, realize that this is more or less your last hope (this side of the dreaded screwdriver, anyway).

Reinstalling is a hassle because although you won’t lose the contents of your Home folder, applications you’ve installed, or the stuff in your Documents folder (unless something goes horribly wrong or you have to reformat your hard drive), you might lose the settings for some System Preferences, which means you’ll have to manually reconfigure those panes after you reinstall. And you might have to reinstall drivers for third-party hardware such as mice, keyboards, printers, tablets, and the like. Finally, you might have to reregister or reinstall some of your software.

It’s not the end of the world, but it’s almost always inconvenient. That said, reinstalling OS X almost always corrects all but the most horrifying and malignant of problems. The process in Yosemite is (compared with root-canal work, income taxes, or previous versions of OS X) relatively painless.

How to install (or reinstall) OS X

In theory, you should have to install Yosemite only once, or never if your Mac came with Yosemite preinstalled. And in a perfect world, that would be the case. But you might find occasion to install, reinstall, or use it to upgrade, such as

  • If your Mac is currently running any version of OS X except Yosemite

  • If you have a catastrophic hard-drive crash that requires you to initialize (format) or replace your boot drive

  • If you buy an external hard drive and want it to be capable of being your Mac’s startup disk (that is, a bootable disk)

  • If you replace your internal hard drive with a larger, faster, or solid state drive

  • If any essential OS X files become damaged or corrupted or are deleted or renamed

The following instructions do triple duty: Of course they’re what you do to install OS X for the first time on a Mac or a freshly formatted hard or solid-state disk. But they’re also what you do if something really bad happens to the copy of OS X that you boot your Mac from, or if the version of OS X on your Mac is earlier than 10.10 Yosemite. In other words, these instructions describe the process for installing, reinstalling, or upgrading OS X Yosemite.

If you’ve never had Yosemite on this Mac, the first thing to do is visit the Mac App Store, download Yosemite, and install it. Once you’ve done that, here’s how to install, reinstall, or upgrade Yosemite, step by step:

  1. Boot from your Recovery HD partition by restarting your Mac while holding down the Command+R keys.

    The OS X Utilities window appears. Select Reinstall OS X, and click Continue. The OS X Yosemite splash screen appears. Click Continue.

    A sheet appears informing you that your computer’s eligibility needs to be verified by Apple. Click Continue to begin the process of installing or reinstalling OS X.

    If you’re not connected to the Internet, you’ll be asked to choose a Wi-Fi network from the AirPort menu in the top-right corner.

  2. The Yosemite software license agreement screen appears. Read it and click Agree.

    A sheet drops down, asking whether you agree to the terms of the license agreement. Yes, you did just click Agree; this time you’re being asked to confirm that you indeed clicked the Agree button.

    If you don’t click Agree, you can’t go any farther.

  3. Choose the disk on which you want to reinstall OS X by clicking its icon once in the pane where you select a disk.

    If only one suitable disk is available, you won’t have to choose; it will be selected for you automatically.

  4. Click the Install button.

  5. A sheet asks for your Apple ID and password. Type them in the appropriate fields; click Sign In, and your Yosemite installation (or reinstallation) begins.

    The operating system takes 30 to 60 minutes to install, so now might be a good time to take a coffee break. When the install is finished, your Mac restarts itself.

If you were reinstalling Yosemite on the hard disk that it was originally installed on, or upgrading from Mavericks, you’re done now. Your Mac will reboot, and in a few moments you can begin using your new, freshly installed (and ideally trouble-free) copy of OS X Yosemite.

If, on the other hand, you’re installing Yosemite on a hard disk for the first time, you still have one last step to complete. After your Mac reboots, the Setup Assistant window appears. You need to work your way through the Setup Assistant’s screens as described below.

Getting set up with the Setup Assistant

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Assuming that your installation process goes well and your Mac restarts itself, the next thing you should see (and hear) is a short, colorful movie that ends by transforming into the first Setup Assistant screen (Apple Assistants such as this are like wizards in Windows, only smarter), fetchingly named Welcome.

To tiptoe through the Setup Assistant, follow these steps:

  1. When the Welcome screen appears, choose your country from the list by clicking it once, and then click the Continue button.

    If your country doesn’t appear in the list, select the Show All check box, which causes a bunch of additional countries to appear.

    After you click Continue, the Select Your Keyboard screen appears.

  2. Choose a keyboard layout from the list by clicking it once; then click Continue.

    If you want to use a U.S. keyboard setup, click the U.S. listing. If you prefer a different country’s keyboard layout, select the Show All check box, and a bunch of additional countries’ keyboards (as well as a pair of Dvorak keyboard layouts) appear in the list. Choose the one you prefer by clicking it — and then click Continue.

    The Select Your Wi-Fi Network screen appears.

  3. Click the name of the wireless network you use to connect to the Internet, type in its password, and then click Continue.

    If you don’t see the network you want to use, click Rescan. If you don’t use a wireless network, click Other Network Setup, and then choose one of the available options, or choose My Computer Does Not Connect to the Internet. Click Continue.

    The Migration Assistant (also known as the Transfer Information to This Mac) screen appears.

  4. Choose to transfer data, then click Continue, or choose not to transfer data, then click Continue.

    If this is a brand-new Mac or you’re installing OS X Yosemite on a Mac and have another Mac or Time Machine backup disk nearby, you can transfer all of your important files and settings by following the onscreen instructions and connecting the new and old Macs via FireWire or Ethernet cable.

    Transferring data can take hours — that’s the bad news.

    The good news is that once the data transfer finishes, you’re finished, too. In other words, you can ignore the steps that follow (which are only for brand new installations with no data to transfer).

    Goodbye and good luck.

    Assuming you chose not to transfer data, the Sign In With Your Apple ID screen appears.

  5. If you want to use your Apple ID with this Mac, type it (such as [email protected]) and your password in the appropriate fields, and then click Continue. Or, if you don’t have an Apple ID or prefer not to use one with this Mac, click Don’t Sign In, and then click Continue.

    To learn more about getting an Apple ID, click the blue “Learn More” link. In a nutshell, it lets you make one-click purchases at the iTunes Store, iPhoto, or the Apple Store, and includes free iCloud membership.

    The Allow iCloud to Use the Location of This Mac for Find My Mac sheet appears.

  6. Click Allow or Not Now.

    The Terms and Conditions screen appears.

  7. Read the Terms and Conditions and click Agree. A dialog confirms your agreement. Click Agree again.

    The Create A Computer Account screen appears.

  8. Fill in the Full Name, Account Name (sometimes called Short Name), Password, Verify Password, and Hint fields, and then click Continue. Or, check the Use my iCloud Account to Log In checkbox. Then fill in the Account Name (sometimes called Short Name), and click Continue.

    This first account that you create will automatically have administrator privileges for this Mac. You can’t easily delete or change the name you choose for this account, so think it through before you click Continue.

    You can’t click the Continue button until you’ve filled in the first two fields. Because a password is optional, you can choose to leave both password fields blank if you like. If you do, your Mac warns you that without a password, your Mac won’t be secure. If that’s okay, click OK. If you change your mind and want to have a password, click Cancel.

    Click on the little picture to the right of your name (it’s labeled “edit”) if you want to choose a different picture or take a picture of yourself with your Mac’s built-in camera.

    If you choose to take a picture, click the Take Photo Snapshot button. When the picture appears, you can change its size by using the slider control directly below the image and/or move it around in the frame by clicking your face and dragging. If you’re not happy with this snapshot, click Retake a Video Snapshot. When you’re happy with it, click Continue.

    If you choose to select a picture from the Picture library, click the picture you want to represent you — the butterfly, dog, parrot, flower, or whatever — and then click Continue.

    The iCloud Keychain screen appears.

  9. Click Set Up iCloud Keychain or Set Up Later.

    If you choose Set Up iCloud Keychain, a screen requesting your passcode appears. Type your four digit passcode, and click Continue.

    If you’ve forgotten your passcode or don’t have one, click Forgot Code to reset iCloud Keychain.

    In either case, a verification code is sent to your iPhone or other Apple device; type it in, and click Continue.

    The OS X Finder’s Desktop appears.

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And that’s all there is to it. You’re done.

One potential route by which an attacker can compromise your Mac is to modify a legitimate software package to contain malware. While this is difficult to do through official software distribution channels (e.g., the Mac App Store), it can be done through popular alternative approaches like peer-to-peer networking and third-party software distribution Web sites.

Such was the case with some of Apple’s software, where hackers installed malware in past versions of iWork and XCode that were distributed by means other than Apple’s servers. In addition to modified distributions of software, malware in the past has accessed and compromised built-in programs like Safari. Such modifications often cause instability to the program and spur investigation, but sometimes can go completely unnoticed.

Luckily, with the advent of Apple’s developer program, most popular apps for OS X that are maintained and supported by their developers undergo digital signing. This is where a calculation is run on the finalized app that uses metrics such as the number of files in the app package, their sizes, checksums, and other details, and generates a signature code that is accepted by the developer and Apple.

You can use digital signing to both automatically and manually determine if an app has been compromised, and then further investigate whether to trust the app.

Automatic signature detection

When an app is run on your Mac, OS X’s GateKeeper feature will validate the signature, allowing properly signed packages to run, but requiring explicit execution for others. As such, provided you have GateKeeper at its maximum protection settings you should be able to detect potential problems with new software that you download.

Do note that while GateKeeper will detect signature issues with programs you are running for the first time, it will not assess changes to those that have previously run. As such, to check your current installations, manual assessment may be needed to check your current apps.

Manual signature detection

If you wish to manually inspect the status of your apps’ signatures, then you can do so using the OS X Terminal:

  1. Open the Terminal
  2. Type the following command, followed by a single space:
  3. Drag your desired app to the Terminal window, to enter a full path to it, so it looks like the following (leaving the trailing slash is optional):
  4. Press Enter to run the verification.

When run, you will see output such as the following for Safari that indicates if the app is valid and whether or not its signing requirements have been satisfied:

If the app’s contents have been modified (altered files, or unrecognized components added to the app package), then you will see another output, such as the following that indicates a file “nefariousfile.sh” that was added to the program:

Note that for any app where the output of this command claims a file was added or modified (such as the above), be very skeptical of the app and consider immediately removing it and replacing it with one obtained directly from the developer.

In addition to checking the code signature, you can use OS X’s system policy routines for assessing the validity of apps and their signatures. This approach is similar to using the “codesign” tool, but gives a reason why the signature was accepted or rejected:

In this case the sources of acceptance are the following:

Beyond this, rejections may happen for a variety of reasons, including no usable signature, obsolete resources, missing or invalid resources, among others.

Note that if you have explicitly run your app and confirmed to bypass GateKeeper’s warnings, then it may still run even if not properly signed, so if manual assessment of your app shows it as being rejected, then consider investigating it. Often such problems happen because apps are simply old, or it may be that the developer is legitimate but just has not signed the app (though most are getting onboard with Apple’s signing process), but if it is a current and updated app that should be signed, then do look into replacing it with the most recent version.

For ease, you can run these verifications and assessments commands on all of your apps by combining them with the following uses of the “find” command. This will locate all app packages in your Applications folder, and then execute the above assessment commands on them (copy and paste the following commands into the Terminal to run them):

For codesign verification:

This is to provide the creators with the serenity of gaming and streaming at once without the hassle of using any other system. Fix Twitch Application Not Working on XboxThere are many gamers who prefer to play games on a console rather than on a desktop system. Twitch app mac error 404 So, Twitch has fulfilled their streaming requirements by launching a dedicated Twitch application on Xbox OS too.

For system policy assessment:

When these commands are run, the output for each app found will be listed in the Terminal. Resize the Terminal to accommodate the output, and then scroll up and down to review the status of your apps.

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The “find” commands above will give output such as the following, where apps will be sequentially assessed and their results displayed in the Terminal. Here you can see a number of apps are “rejected” for a variety of reasons (obsolete, insufficient, or missing signature information).